The current practice for eliminating erosional problems in piping systems is to limit the flow velocity v e to that established by the recommended practice api rp 14e based on an empirical constant cfactor and the fluid mixture density. Api 14e is an erosional velocity guideline for twophase flow. The erosional velocity equation for gasliquid twophase lines as per api rp 14e is given as. Application of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation. This document contains both general and specific information on surface facility piping systems not specified in api specification 6a. In order to avoid or alleviate damage due to erosion, the american petroleum institute recommended practice api rp 14e recommends a threshold fluid velocity. However, field and laboratory data have proven that the applied empirical constants, known as c. Api rp 14e 1984 suggested c100 for continuous and 125 for non continuous service.
Erosional velocity calculator higher fluid velocities can cause pipe erosion over time, this can impact operation and ultimately can cause safety issues and concerns, process engineers calculate erosional velocity in pipes to define the maximum velocity that a fluid can travel in a pipeline and based on finding they define an operational velocity limit and this can normally be 50% of the. The primary sizing criterion for multiphase flow pipelines is erosional velocity, which should be kept below the known fluid erosional velocity. Pdf a guideline to calculate erosional velocity due to. Pdf a guideline to calculate erosional velocity due to liquid. One commonly used method for determining oil and gas production velocities is to limit production rates based on the american petroleum institute recommended practice 14e api rp 14e. Calculate erosional velocity with excel excel calculations.
The erosional velocity is calculated from the fluid density and the c factor. During the tests, the nominal flow velocity was varied from 45% to 104% of the current api rp 14e erosional velocity limit. May 24, 2000 one commonly used method for determining oil and gas production velocities is to limit production rates based on the american petroleum institute recommended practice 14e api rp 14e. Erosion is a loss of original material due to solid particle impact on the material.
Because of this, the erosional velocity or the erosional velocity ratio actual velocity erosional velocity is a key design parameter when sizing pipes and vessels under certain conditions. Calculate api rp 14e fluid density for single phase and multi phase fluids. Seanb do you have a reference or a cite for the 40 to 70% of erosional velocity. Gas velocity equation compressor piping general notes sizing criteria for gasliquid twophase lines erosional velocity minimum velocity pressure drop pipe wall thicknesses joint connections expansion and flexibility startup provisions references section 3 selection of valves general types of valves ball valves gate valves. Abstract in order to avoid erosion damage and associated problems. Challenging conventional erosional velocity limitations for.
The api criterion is specified for clean service noncorrosive and sandfree, and it is noted that the cfactor should be. Secure pdf files include digital rights management drm software. Api rp 14e maximum erosional velocity calculator module pipeng. Erosion is a loss of original material due to solid particle impact. The gas to liquid ratio can be converted from traditional. Although the scope mentions piping systems pressures beyond 10,000 psi, this is an informative. Sections 2, 3 and 4 contain general information concerning the design and application of pipe, valves, and fittings for typical processes. Api rp 14e design and installation of offshore proeuction platform piping systems last update. The american petroleum institute s recommended practice 14e api rp 14e provides a method for determining the threshold erosion velocity for gas wells, however api rp14e has been found to be conservative in predicting the erosional velocity in sand laden fluids. The american petroleum institute recommended practice 14e api rp 14e describes a method for calculating an erosional velocity, a threshold velocity at which it is presumably safe to operate.
Api rp 14e suggests the following empirical equation for calculating the erosional velocity 25. Experimental study of the erosional velocity criterion for. In order to read a secure pdf, you will need to install the fileopen plugin on your computer. Origin of erosional velocity formula the erosional velocity cited as v max in different companies documents and also api rp14e. Velocity limitation in pipelines while performing welltest.
Highlightsthe origin of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation remains unclear. Evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitations for. If you enter the specific gravity of the liquid and gas components, the gasliquid volume ratio, the the absolute temperates and pressures, and the compressibility factor. American petroleum institute american society for testing and materials national association of corrosion engineers. The origin of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation remains unclear. Api 14e erosional velocity calculators pipeng toolbox. Venkatesh, evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitation for offshore gas wells, otc 4485, offshore technology conference, houston, texas, 1983. Although the api equation has been widely accepted, the authors were unsuccessful in all attempts to determine the basis of this equation. Erosion velocity pipelines, piping and fluid mechanics.
Review of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation. Pipe erosion begins when velocity exceeds the value of where. Erosional velocity and erosion petroleum engineering wiki. Recommended practice for design and installation of. Calculate api rp 14e maximum allowable erosional velocity for platform piping systems.
Pdf oil and gas companies apply different methods to limit erosioncorrosion of mild steel lines and equipment during the production of. Api rp 14e r2019 recommended practice for design and installation of offshore products platform piping systems. Challenging conventional erosional velocity limitations. Api rp 14e maximum erosional velocity calculator module. During the tests, the nominal flow velocity was varied from 45% to 104% of the current apirp14e erosional velocity limit. Evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitations for offshore gas wells authors m.
Fluid flow, heat transfer and mass transfer coulson and richardsons chemical engineering api rp 14e r20 recommended practice. The fol after calculating the erosional velocity v e, api rp 14e recommends using the equation below to determine the minimum crosssectional area required to avoid fluid erosion. Recommended practice for design and installation of offshore. Different numbers are mentioned for c factor depends on the situation. This limiting flow velocity is calculated using the api rp14erecommended empirical equation 1. Evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitations for offshore gas wells. Origin, applications, misuses, limitations and alternatives. The commonly used practice for controlling sand erosion in gas and oil producing wells is to limit production velocity. The american petroleum institute recommended practice 14e api rp 14e guide describes a method for calculating an erosional velocity for.
Api rp 14e fluid density calculator module pipeng toolbox. The test data acquired by swri and other investigators suggest that the existing api erosional velocity limit is not appropriate for all possible field conditions, since it does not accurately define the onset velocity for. Prior work indicates that accelerated erosioncorrosion in twophase gasliquid flow lines may occur when the flow stream is in a certain twophase flow regime. However, the sizing of pipelines for multiphase flow is significantly more complex than for singlephase flow because the resultant erosional conditions are totally dependent on the specific flow regimes. An alternate method to api rp 14e for predicting solids. Abstract the current practice for eliminating erosional problems in piping systems is to limit the flow velocity v e to that established by the recommended practice api rp 14e based on an empirical constantcfactor and the fluid mixture density pm as follows. Arnold, criteria for sizing multiphase flow lines for erosive corrosive service, spe 26569, 68th annual technical conference of the society of.
Experimental study of the erosional velocity criterion for sizing. Api rp 14e maximum erosional velocity calculators pipeng toolbox. Evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitations. Upper velocity limit for twopase steam pipelines, piping. An alternative to api 14e erosional velocity limits for. The fluid density can be calculated for single phase, two phase, or three.
Beyond the limitations of api rp14e erosional velocity a field. May 04, 2020 this mobile application uses a common recommended practice equations that are provided in api rp 14e to estimate the erosional velocity, having said recommended practice, its important to point out that different operators have their own guidelines on this issue but in the absence of guidance we can use the equation provided by the american. Beyond the limitations of api rp14e erosional velocity a. The fileopen plugin works with adobe reader and other viewers. Evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitations for offshore. This velocity is one of restrictions for high velocity in pipes. Equation available in full paper for a sandfree, twophase flow situation, the c factor is limited to 100 for continuous flow and 125 for intermittent flow. Api rp 14e design and installation of offshore proeuction. In order to avoid or alleviate damage due to erosion, the american petroleum institute recommended practice api rp 14e recommends a threshold fluid velocity for production tubing and pipelines. Some of the highest velocities within the production string are experienced. The fluid density can be calculated for single phase, two phase, or three phase fluids. This excel spreadsheet implements the api rp14e equation to calculate erosional velocity.
The erosion velocity ve, below which a tolerable amount of erosion occurs, can be obtained from the following empirical equation indicated in iso 703 api rp 14e. The widespread use of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation is a result of it being simple to apply and requiring little in the way of inputs. Most alternatives to the api rp 14e focus on velocity limits in the presence of solids. Erosionalcorrosional testing for multiphase flow lines. Erosional velocity minimum velocity pressure drop pipe wall thicknesses joint connections expansion and flexibility. Erosion velocity for gasliquid multiphase flow neutrium. Api rp 14e erosional velocity equation in the field of oil and gas production. Offshore production platform piping systems foreword 7 impact energy 1 footpound 1. An alternative to api 14e erosional velocity limits for sand.
My design velocities listed above are at about 85% of the 14e recommendations. An alternative to api 14e erosional velocity limits for sandladen. Drm is included at the request of the publisher, as it helps them protect their by restricting file sharing. However, one important issue which should be considered is the. Although there is no information about why api rp 14e uses equation 1, the erosional velocity may have been derived from the constant pressure drop limitation that uses the bernoulli relationship. V e erosional velocity, fts c empirical constant 100 for continuous service and 125 for intermittent service as per api 14e. This guideline contains an equation to calculate an erosional or a threshold velocity, presumably a flow velocity that is safe to operate. Piping systems with a rated working pressure greater than 10,000 psi are outside the scope of rp 14e. The fluid density can be calculated for single phase gas, two phase gas and liquid, two phase oil and water, or three phase gas oil and water. Over the last 40 years, the american petroleum institute recommended practice 14e api rp 14e equation has been used by many operators to estimate the erosional velocity. Erosional velocity calculator by webbusterz engineering. The api rp14e recommends the use of a lower unspecified c factor for fluids containing sand. For erosioncorrosion velocity limit, no reliable model. Erosional velocity can be calculated as indicated in the api rp 14e 3.
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